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A letter from Prison: The twisted tale of Solitary Confinement and Administrative Segregation Units


by
Jerome White-Bey, South Central Correctional Center, Missouri



The idea of solitary confinement arose in Philadelphia with the American Society of Friends (Quakers) around the end of the 18th Century. Quakers were opposed to the public floggings and humiliations inflicted upon those convicted of offenses against the community. They were opposed, as well, to the public execution of those guilty of crimes. In place of these punishments they advocated the solitary confinement of those found guilty of crimes. A solitary confinement in which the condemned would be allowed only a Bible. It was thought that the guilty person could reflect upon the wrongs he or she ha d committed and in the process of so doing once again become good and productive citizens.


Prisons themselves were a response to the increasing inability of communities to exile those convicted of crimes; exile had been the means both of punishing the guilty individual and of ridding the community of his or her presence. When Great Britain lost its North American colonies criminals were exiled to Australia which was, in fact, a giant penal colony. Since those days, the concepts of prison and of solitary confinement in the United States have taken many twists and turns and none of them for the better.


The prison camp at the U.S. Navel Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, exemplifies the extremes of which the prison system is capable. Guantanamo prisoners were originally confined in open air cells constructed of fencing. A full security prison is presently being constructed to house them. Some of them have already been moved to the new high security quarters. The conditions under which they live can safely be called barbaric. We understand the position of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay is not directly comparable to that of prisoners in the United States itself, for those at Guantanamo have not been charged and are being held as 'enemy combatants', a term devised to classify them in a way that excludes them both from national and international law. They are being held without rights, in a foreign land without access to their own governments or to legal help much less to their own families. Many do not know where they are and none knows how long he may be held. Indeed, they do not know if they will ever be tried or simply summarily taken out and shot one fine morning. They dare not dream of ever being released.


It should not be considered strange that many prisoners confined in the United States are beginning to compare the conditions under which they live to the conditions in which the Guantanamo prisoners find themselves. All around the country prisoners and guards alike have tagged administrative segregation units with the derisive nickname Guantanamo Bay. The conditions under which prisoners confined in the United States live, lacking basic human rights, are much like those of the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay.


With the picture of Guantanamo fresh in your mind consider the horrors to be found here in the separate Departments of Correction established in each jurisdiction. Together they are often referred to as the Prison Industrial Complex. Every prisoner confined anywhere within this complex has his or her own horrific story to recount.


This writer is one such prisoner:

I am confined in the South Central Correctional Center, a Missouri sate prison located in Licking, Missouri. Within the prison I have been unjustly confined in administrative segregation.

Those of us confined in administrative segregation units ('ad-seg' units or simply 'the hole') here as elsewhere are subjected to conditions similar if not identical to those suffered in the Guantanamo prison camp. The single difference is that we are told that we have civil rights and constitutional protections. If truth be told unless one has money one has no rights at all. If I had money I would not be confined here as I am. Prisoners in the United States are being confined for years alone in tiny cells with minimal human contact, if any at all. We may be removed from our cells at anytime for any reason. When this happens, we are ordered to 'cuff up'. Translated, this means that we must turn around facing the back of the cell, place our hands behind us so that they reach out the food port door where handcuffs are then placed on us. Once handcuffed we are ordered to back out of the cell whereupon two guards, one taking each arm, lead us to wherever it is they are taking us. Then, since we are out of our cells, guards will enter the cells, search them and trash anything they find. They do this when we are out of our cells for any reason.

We are allowed out to 'dog kennel' cages for an hour three times a week; we are allowed three ten-minute showers a week. There is no recreational equipment with which to work out in the cages; no weights, no handballs, nothing at all. Each of us is issued a prison 'jumpsuit' and a coat to wear while in the dog kennel but nothing with which to cover our heads against the rain or snow. Exclusive of the jumpsuit, the additional clothing to which we are entitled in our cells consists of a single pair of socks, a pair of undershorts and a T-shirt. In short, we are half naked in our cells. I need not add that the cells are very cold.

We are not permitted to order food from the canteen. Nor can we watch TV, listen to radios or have educational material of any kind. Similarly, smoking is forbidden in ad-seg units.

Food is used as a means of punishment. We are outright denied food whenever the authorities are so inclined. The food trays are often waterlogged and broken. We are not allowed pepper, butter, fruit or biscuits. These restrictions, they tell us, is for security reasons. If we are found not standing at the cell door when the food trays arrive the guards will pass the cell without leaving the food tray. Complaints about not being served are met with mace and, sometimes, beatings.

Prisoners are maced and beaten on a daily basis for any small thing or for nothing at all. Many prisoners confined in two person ad-seg cells become victims of assault and/or rape; the only way to escape this is to take part in what are called 'gladiator' fights while guards stand outside the cell door placing bets on who the winner will be. Prisoners are forced to fight each other just to be moved to another cell. Another common practice here occurs when a prisoner, fearing for his life, refuses to enter a cell with another prisoner. The recalcitrant prisoner is then handcuffed to an iron bench for 24 hours.

Here in the hole we are allowed one four minute telephone call a month provided that we have 'been good'. We are allowed two no-contact visits a month. This means we can visit with our loved ones for an hour a month during which time we may not even touch their hands. At times our mail is withheld for no reason. These are some of the horrifying conditions under which we live here in the Missouri prison system's ad-seg units.

Ad-seg units have become the homes of prisoners who are mentally challenged; over 85 percent of the prisoners housed in the Missouri ad-seg units are classified as mentally ill and are on some kind of psycho tropic medication. Now consider this: the mentally ill prisoner is confined in a cell for 24 hours a day most days and 23 on others. It is obvious that his condition can only deteriorate. In addition, many prisoners classified as normal when they enter ad-seg units soon find themselves mentally challenged.

Prisoners spend years in cells measuring 8' by 12' all day, every day. A great deal of this time is spent naked or half naked. Horrifying, yes, but it gets worse. On March 18 2004 a prison nurse and two prison guards approached the cell door of Keith Macon, #182929. Keith is classified as mentally challenged and he has been held on solitary confinement for seven years. The nurse ordered him to take some type of medication for which he had not asked and when he refused the nurse's order, both the nurse and the guards walked away.

They returned later and covered the windows of all our cell doors with paper so as to prevent any of us from witnessing the beating they proceeded to give Keith. He was attacked by the guards and the nurse then injected him with a drug of some kind. Mr. Paul McPheeters, Unit Manager of the ad-seg unit here at Licking, tells us that either we take the medication or we will be forcibly medicated. It is some kind of experimental drug they are trying to force upon us; they tell us the drug is for prisoners deemed to have behavior problems. Such a definition covers every prisoner in ad-seg. They refuse to tell us the name of this behavior drug.

Recently I was informed by Mr. McPheeters, that I have been assigned to ad-seg for the remainder of my prison sentence. This is the equivalent of a death sentence for me; at the age of 48 it can be nothing else. (Indeed, at any age a death sentence!) Every prisoner confined in the ad-seg units throughout the nation has a story to tell about the horrifying conditions which he or she is forced to undergo just to stay alive and to preserve his of her sanity. It is time to bring our struggles to the forefront of the struggle by any means necessary. The prisoners confined at Guantanamo Naval Base in Cuba and the prisoners confined here within the United States share the same struggles and the same enemies.

In struggle and solidarity,



Jerome White-Bey #37479
2B-229
South Central Correctional Center
255 West Highway 32
Licking, Missouri
MO65543-9069
USA





Activism Alert!



Jerome White-Bey is asking outside supporters to make copies of this page and the letter attached and pass them around to others. He is issuing the following on behalf of all prisoners confined in Administrative Segregation units under the jurisdiction of the Missouri State Department of Correction, He would like to draw your attention particularly to ad-seg units at the South Central Correctional Center in Licking, Missouri. He asks you to copy the statement attached and mail it to the following state officials:


Governor Bob Holden
State Capital Building
201 West Capital Avenue
Jefferson City, Missouri 65101
USA

Gary Kempker, Director
Missouri Department of Correction
Box 236
Jefferson City, Missouri 65102
USA

Michael Bowersox, Superintendent
South Central Correctional Center
255 West Highway 32
Licking, Missouri
MO65543-9069
USA

Connie L.Johnson, Member
Missouri House of Representatives
201 West Capital Avenue
Jefferson City, Missouri 65101
USA

George A.Lombardi - D.D.A.I.
Missouri Department of Correction
Box 236
Jefferson City, Missouri 65102
USA



Here is that letter:



To whom it may concern:



We have been watching the situation with respect to Jerome White-Bey, #37479, who is unjustly confined in Administrative Segregation as a result of an alleged assault on another prisoner. Prison officials at the South Central Correctional Center in Licking, Missouri, are refusing to give him a PSE (lie-detector)-Test to prove his innocence. We have also been informed that on 18 March 2004, Mr Paul McPheeters informed Mr. White-Bey that the latter will spend the rest of his life in Administrative Segregation. As of that time Mr. White-Bey had been in Administrative Segregation for 10 months. We are demanding that Mr. White-Bey be released to the general prison population and that he be given a PSE-Test.


We are asking you to consider the inhumane conditions which exist in the Missouri prison system's Administrative Segregation units. Most prisoners confined in these units are under indefinite sentence and the conditions under which they are forced to live are barbaric. It is apparent that the system is simply warehousing human beings and, as such, there is no compunction whatsoever to observe their most basic civil and human rights. We send you this message to elicit the attention of government and prison officials whose job it is to investigate such claims and, if proven to be true, corrected.


The following demands have been articulated by Missouri prisoners presently confined in Administrative Segregation units throughout the state:



1. An immediate end to the indefinite terms in Administrative Segregation units and an immediate delineation of criteria to be implemented so that ad-seg prisoners may work toward release.


2. An end to the use of food deprivation for behavior modification and punishment; an end to the use of broken and/or waterlogged food trays. Food trays should contain adequate portions for the prisoners being served. Implementation of orders requiring unit staff serving food trays to wear protective gloves and face guards. This last request is made to prevent the guards from spitting in prisoners' food.


3. An end non-contact visits: Implementation of contact visits with family, friends and legal representatives for prisoners in Administrative Segregation.


4. All prisoners in Administrative Segregation must be allowed to purchase and have walkman radios and limited food canteen items from the Prisoners' Canteen.


5. An end to religious discrimination. We demand that prisoners in Administrative Segregation who are followers of faiths other than the Christian be allowed to practice their faiths in accordance with the dictates of their religious laws.


6. An end to restricted phone access and pre-approved phone calls. We demand that prisoners be allowed to place collect calls during the one-hour recreational access period. Public phones could be installed in each unit's recreation cage area so that during the entire hour prisoners could contact whom they wish. This would be consistent with general population phone access.


7. An end to the tampering, purposeful mishandling and deliberate delay of both in-coming and out-going mail, personal or legal. Such tampering is an abuse and must cease. U.S. mailboxes should be installed so that prisoners' mail would be secure from such abuse. Prisoners presently receive mail addressed to other prisoners on a daily basis; this is a unit wide problem.


8. An end to discriminatory hiring practices, a problem inherent in the entire Missouri Correctional System. We demand that more Blacks, Latinos and members of other minority groups be hired and on staff at all the Missouri prisons as well as throughout the entire Missouri prison administration.


9. An end to the double celling of prisoners in the Administrative Segregation units.


10. An end to the physical abuse of prisoners. Such abuse includes but is not limited to: harassing, beating, macing, forceful medication of any kind. We demand that all mentally ill prisoners be removed from the Administrative Segregation units of the Missouri prison system and be given care adequate to their needs in a proper institutional setting.


11. The provision of adequate medical care and adequate clothing to all prisoners confined in Administrative Segregation units. The provision of adequate medical care to all prisoners; this is particularly important in the case of those prisoners confined to Administrative Segregation because of the extremely difficult conditions under which they are confined.


12. The provision of an adequate law library accessible to prisoners confined in Administrative Segregation for a minimum of 6 hours on a daily basis.


The above should not be considered complete; we are aware that some issues may have not been addressed nevertheless we submit the above in demand that the dehumanization come to an immediate halt throughout the system. In particular we draw your attention to the case of the above mentioned Mr. White-Bey who has been the object of particular harassment, abuse, lies and frame-ups. He has our complete support and we demand his release from the Administrative Segregation unit at South Central Correctional Center in Licking, Missouri.



Thank you for you attention and I look forward to hearing from you in the future.



Yours Sincerely

[Signature(s)]








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