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Inquest reports Police Brutality Cause for Wrongful Deaths in UK

by Sophia Barkat


 

Inquest,
a small charitable organisation in England and Wales, investigates wrongful deaths in prison and in police custody. According to Inquest, between 1994-2004, between 30 to 70 people have died each year in the UK, while in police custody. The trend, which saw a fall between 1998-2000, saw a rise between 2001 and 2003, possibly as the public became less questioning of the police force, after September 11, 2001. The statistics rose sharply for Black and Other Minority Groups in 2001-2003, also.


According to Inquest, deaths from direct police shootings were not significant -- 1-4 per year, between 1994-2004. Yet, in 2001 more than 30 people died while in police custody. In 2002, more than 45. In 2003, more than 60 died. In 2004, around than 40.  How did this happen?




Death During Interrogation


It would seem from the following case, that the police in the UK do not have sensitivity training, and instead are prone to torture suspects in trying to apprehend them or during interrogations.


Giles Freeman was a 37-year-old man who died on 15th October 2002 after being restrained on five separate occasions, four of which were in the prone position while handcuffed, by Thames Valley police officers from Slough Police Station. During the second period of restraint he was placed in the prone or semi prone position for almost 15 minutes and on the last occasion injected with Chlorpromazine. Moments later he collapsed and died. Giles had suffered from paranoid schizophrenia for many years and his illness was stabilised through medication. He had worked as a chef and was active in the Catholic Church. Following a two week inquest the jury concluded that the cause of death was “cardiorespiratory-arrest associated with restraint and excessive activity whilst suffering a psychotic episode of paranoid schizophrenia”. They also returned a full narrative verdict as detailed below.
(See Press Release, Dec. 15th, 2004, Inquest.org.uk)


The case of Giles could be one of unintentional death, if the police had known of this condition during the interrogation, though this is highly unlikely. Mistakes are made by the police. Some systematic errors. Some random. Perhaps the police should inquire about a suspect's health before interrogations begin to avoid such occurrences. Perhaps they should avoid violence. And perhaps they should be more prepared with emergency care for such suspects, in the event of such mistakes.




Death During Chases


Late on Tuesday 16th November 2004, the jury sitting at the inquest into the death of John Hinde returned a narrative verdict which deeply criticised the Greater Manchester Police. Mr. Hinde died shortly after midnight on Friday 24th August 2001 whilst in the custody of Greater Manchester Police. The jury were asked eight questions and their full answers are set out below:

1) In the light of all the evidence and in particular the evidence of PC Williamson, PC Bowdell, Mr. Gamble and Mr. Roberts, what do you conclude was the sequence of events between Mr. Hinde being removed from the Police car and him being handcuffed?

Jury: We believe the sequence of events do not tally and are conflicting. After Mr. Hinde was pulled out of the police car they fell against barrier. There was a struggle and a flailing of arms before Mr. Hinde was tripped to bring him to the ground and officer fell on him. Mr. Hinde may have tried to remove the bag from his own mouth before being handcuffed by both officers.


2) In the light of all the evidence, what do you conclude the sequence of events was from being handcuffed until the ambulance arrived?

Jury:  Mr. Hinde was wriggling around on the ground and thrashing of head and legs. One officer stood on his legs and pulled Mr. Hinde up to restrain him from banging head at this stage officer seen part of a bag sticking out of mouth. Police tried to open mouth but couldn't. Mr. Hinde went quiet. The police must have checked pulse. An ambulance was called, the Range Rover arrived and an officer said take the cuffs off. The position of Mr. Hinde might have been changed. We do not believe he was in the full recovery position. (Jury's emphasis) Two officers went to do the road closure and one returned and at some point Mr. Hinde died. It seems he was dead when ambulance arrived.


3) Did Mr. Hinde placing a bag in his mouth give rise to risks that were not recognised by the Police Officers?

Jury: Yes they did not recognise there would be a risk of choking or possible drug overdose.


4) Having heard details of the first aid training, did you consider there were any glaring omissions?

Jury: We think four hours training is insufficient and should have periodic refresher. More training should be given for drug related first aid situations including swallowing of drugs.


5) Were there any defects in the way the first aid training was taught and if so what were they?

Jury: There needs to be sufficient assessment to increase the impact of training.


6) Did the Police Officers use their training to assess the condition of Mr. Hinde?

Jury: No because they did not use DRABC


7) Was there anything from their training that the Officers should have done other than calling for an ambulance?

Jury: Yes they should have checked for a response. There was no actual communication with Mr. Hinde (jury's emphasis).


8) Did the Officers have enough time to do anything that would have been effective to save Mr. Hinde’s life?

Jury: Yes we think they should have called an ambulance sooner. We think GMP policy should be changed. (Jury's emphasis) Also they should've used their training in particular to check for response.


It seems that the police are not prepared or even negligent about what to do in the event of a brutal mishap.




Are Police Above the Law?


Are the police ever held accountable when a suspect dies in their custory?  Of course. But, there are reasons for not doing so. The police force costs time and money to train. And policing is not the equivalent of nurturing children. It involves violence. There is a chance of death on both sides during chases. Given the scenario, should the police be reprimanded for doing their job and apprehending such suspects with force? Isn't this their job?


And if they are reprimanded, who will do this -- an internal department within the police? The Courts? According to Inquest, the policing of the police is not good enough. Take the case of Roger Sylvester.  The eight officers suspended following the unlawful killing verdict into the death of Roger Sylvester were reinstated in their jobs in 2004. The decision followed a judicial review on behalf of the officers involved in the fatal restraint of Roger Sylvester.


Quoting the Inquest Press Release, "The Judge had, in the judicial review of the death, found that there was sufficient evidence to allow a jury to return an unlawful killing verdict and that the coroner was, therefore, justified in leaving such a verdict to the jury, but because of errors in the coroners summing up and jury inquisition form he was minded to quash the verdict. The inquest jury unanimously decided on that evidence that Roger died as the result of the use of unlawful and excessive force. These suspensions followed. On the basis of that evidence the Crown Prosecution Service are still considering whether the officers should be prosecuted. The Deputy Commissioner, however, ignored the findings of the Judge and the decision of the Crown Prosecution Service”. (See
Press Release, Nov. 11, 2004, Inquest.org.uk)


This is shocking!




Activism Alert


The stories above are a few examples of wrongful deaths that occur in the hands of the law enforcement system in the UK. Yet, such deaths are, by no means, particular to the UK. We can see examples of police brutality everywhere. Find out from activist groups what the current situation is in your country. Read the Yahoo links on Police Brutality and online newspapers.

Protest to local politicians to make sure the process is safer.



                                                                                                                                             


About the Author(s):
 

See under Our Contributors to find out about the Author(s) of this article.


 


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