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Economics : A Post-mortem Necessary
Part VII B: How Employment Changed between
1994-1999 in the US
Abstract: Manufacturing jobs account for the fourth largest
sector in the US. They have remained fairly steady between 1994-1999. But
they were mostly in high-tech inductries. Not in the textiles/garments manufacturing
nor in the Steel Industry. The bulk of US jobs were in Services, Retail and
Government, with Manufacturing in High-tech mostly, trailing behind. The
US has a white-collar labor force.
The Paper: We all say Manufacturing Jobs are leaving the US. Are they?
The fourth largest labor force in the US, the Manufacturing Sector, grew
in size the least during 1994-1999, even as Foreign Direct Investment quadrupled
in the sector. What was wrong?
What about jobs in other sectors? In relation to what we have seen in Foreign
Direct Investment what can we say about jobs and the availability of foreign
direct investment?
Employment figures in the US by Industry: 1994-1999 Statistics
| |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999
|
Full-time and part-time employees
|
121,708 |
124,632 |
127,009 |
130,118 |
133,456 |
136,294 |
Domestic industries
|
122,235 |
125,158 |
127,494 |
130,640 |
133,968 |
136,861 |
| Private industries 1
|
100,324 |
103,193 |
105,559 |
108,587 |
111,706 |
114,320 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing |
1,942 |
2,010 |
2,048 |
2,130 |
2,188 |
2,294 |
| Farms |
840 |
868 |
832 |
876 |
880 |
923 |
| Agricultural services, forestry, and fishing |
1,102 |
1,142 |
1,216 |
1,254 |
1,308 |
1,371 |
| Mining |
606 |
587 |
582 |
601 |
594 |
539 |
| Metal mining |
49 |
52 |
54 |
54 |
49 |
44 |
| Coal mining |
113 |
106 |
99 |
97 |
93 |
86 |
| Oil and gas extraction |
339 |
321 |
321 |
340 |
340 |
296 |
| Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels |
105 |
108 |
108 |
110 |
112 |
113 |
| Construction |
5,197 |
5,385 |
5,671 |
5,965 |
6,296 |
6,704 |
| Manufacturing |
18,425 |
18,594 |
18,579 |
18,772 |
18,923 |
18,673 |
|
-- Durable goods |
10,505 |
10,723 |
10,838 |
11,059 |
11,270 |
11,178 |
| Lumber and wood products |
776 |
790 |
801 |
821 |
840 |
858 |
| Furniture and fixtures |
505 |
512 |
506 |
514 |
534 |
550 |
| Stone, clay, and glass products |
534 |
541 |
546 |
555 |
566 |
572 |
| Primary metal industries |
696 |
707 |
708 |
710 |
715 |
698 |
| Fabricated metal products |
1,396 |
1,444 |
1,453 |
1,485 |
1,517 |
1,529 |
| Industrial machinery and equipment |
2,000 |
2,070 |
2,117 |
2,170 |
2,211 |
2,141 |
| Electronic and other electric equipment |
1,582 |
1,626 |
1,660 |
1,695 |
1,710 |
1,671 |
| Motor vehicles and equipment |
900 |
970 |
968 |
983 |
997 |
1,023 |
| Other transportation equipment |
852 |
817 |
821 |
857 |
900 |
874 |
| Instruments and related products |
860 |
842 |
854 |
865 |
873 |
854 |
| Miscellaneous manufacturing industries |
404 |
404 |
404 |
404 |
407 |
408 |
|
-- Nondurable goods |
7,920 |
7,871 |
7,741 |
7,713 |
7,653 |
7,495 |
| Food and kindred products |
1,683 |
1,688 |
1,697 |
1,694 |
1,695 |
1,697 |
| Tobacco products |
42 |
41 |
41 |
41 |
40 |
37 |
| Textile mill products |
681 |
664 |
630 |
617 |
597 |
560 |
| Apparel and other textile products |
982 |
945 |
874 |
830 |
769 |
697 |
| Paper and allied products |
693 |
693 |
683 |
686 |
679 |
669 |
| Printing and publishing |
1,566 |
1,571 |
1,564 |
1,579 |
1,593 |
1,576 |
| Chemicals and allied products |
1,056 |
1,039 |
1,033 |
1,037 |
1,040 |
1,037 |
| Petroleum and coal products |
147 |
143 |
139 |
137 |
135 |
131 |
| Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products |
954 |
979 |
981 |
1,000 |
1,018 |
1,012 |
| Leather and leather products |
116 |
108 |
99 |
92 |
87 |
79 |
| Transportation and public utilities |
6,054 |
6,172 |
6,293 |
6,466 |
6,679 |
6,896 |
| Transportation |
3,828 |
3,956 |
4,063 |
4,175 |
4,341 |
4,480 |
| Railroad transportation |
233 |
232 |
223 |
220 |
223 |
221 |
| Local and interurban passenger transit |
407 |
420 |
440 |
457 |
473 |
489 |
| Trucking and warehousing 2
|
1,562 |
1,620 |
1,659 |
1,709 |
1,777 |
1,848 |
| Water transportation |
179 |
178 |
177 |
182 |
185 |
188 |
| Transportation by air 2
|
1,025 |
1,068 |
1,119 |
1,140 |
1,199 |
1,245 |
| Pipelines, except natural gas |
17 |
15 |
14 |
14 |
13 |
13 |
| Transportation services |
405 |
423 |
431 |
453 |
471 |
476 |
| Communications |
1,293 |
1,309 |
1,348 |
1,420 |
1,477 |
1,553 |
| Telephone and telegraph |
916 |
916 |
936 |
1,003 |
1,046 |
1,107 |
| Radio and television |
377 |
393 |
412 |
417 |
431 |
446 |
| Electric, gas, and sanitary services |
933 |
907 |
882 |
871 |
861 |
863 |
| Wholesale trade |
6,235 |
6,476 |
6,560 |
6,750 |
6,918 |
6,992 |
| Retail trade |
21,160 |
21,868 |
22,256 |
22,636 |
22,991 |
23,542 |
| Finance, insurance, and real estate |
7,021 |
6,929 |
7,053 |
7,257 |
7,533 |
7,705 |
| Depository institutions |
2,068 |
2,023 |
2,017 |
2,033 |
2,046 |
2,049 |
| Nondepository institutions |
488 |
464 |
514 |
574 |
662 |
709 |
| Security and commodity brokers |
543 |
553 |
581 |
630 |
681 |
727 |
| Insurance carriers |
1,522 |
1,500 |
1,505 |
1,526 |
1,574 |
1,608 |
| Insurance agents, brokers, and service |
723 |
732 |
746 |
767 |
788 |
795 |
| Real estate |
1,422 |
1,410 |
1,442 |
1,481 |
1,532 |
1,567 |
| Holding and other investment offices |
255 |
247 |
248 |
246 |
250 |
250 |
| Services |
33,684 |
35,172 |
36,517 |
38,010 |
39,584 |
40,975 |
| Hotels and other lodging places |
1,713 |
1,757 |
1,794 |
1,833 |
1,869 |
1,935 |
| Personal services |
1,276 |
1,301 |
1,318 |
1,326 |
1,339 |
1,363 |
| Business services |
6,351 |
6,935 |
7,485 |
8,147 |
8,779 |
9,438 |
| Auto repair, services, and parking |
1,075 |
1,132 |
1,205 |
1,248 |
1,273 |
1,326 |
| Miscellaneous repair services |
350 |
374 |
389 |
389 |
395 |
390 |
| Motion pictures |
459 |
507 |
539 |
569 |
592 |
612 |
| Amusement and recreation services |
1,420 |
1,516 |
1,590 |
1,664 |
1,728 |
1,783 |
| Health services |
9,318 |
9,572 |
9,813 |
10,038 |
10,222 |
10,359 |
| Legal services |
1,059 |
1,056 |
1,064 |
1,084 |
1,114 |
1,142 |
| Educational services |
2,024 |
2,073 |
2,113 |
2,183 |
2,271 |
2,350 |
| Social services and membership organizations |
4,478 |
4,618 |
4,759 |
4,951 |
5,195 |
5,387 |
| Social services |
2,328 |
2,435 |
2,515 |
2,622 |
2,751 |
2,859 |
| Membership organizations |
2,150 |
2,183 |
2,244 |
2,329 |
2,444 |
2,528 |
| Other services 3
|
2,877 |
3,050 |
3,202 |
|