| JuryFury.com
Now Every 15th of the Month ! Online School of Politics |
|||
| Areas of Interest THE USA American Foreign Policy US House and Senate US Presidents State & Local Politics Regional Politics Politics of China The British Commonwealth Indian Subcontinent Middle East The European Union Africa Latin America ASEAN NATO United Nations The Non-aligned Movement Eastern Europe New Nations of the 20th Century General Topics Constitutional Law Human Rights Nuclear Disarmament & Treaties International Warfare Environmental Law Peace Treaties Economic & Social Alliances International Organizations Journalism & Media Racism and Democracy Women in the Workplace Family Law Courts and Practices The Judicial System Higher Education Education and Government Health Care & Insurance Rights of the Disabled Copyright & Working Online Legal Representation Legal Insurance Pornography Domestic Violence Religion & Law Workers Rights Employers Rights Prison & Life after Social Organizations Welfare & Poverty Taxation and Democracy Third World Aid Programs Space Exploration Alternative Energy Petroleum Industry & Cars Nuclear Power Programs for the Arts Sports Education Policing the Internet Privacy and freedom Immigration Food and Regulation War on Drugs War on Pharmaceuticals Public Housing Pollution and Control Sexual Harrassment Discrimination Electoral Process Consumers Rights Investors Rights Abortion Death Penalty Social Security Gender & Sexuality Grassroots Organization ACLU World Watch Oxfam UNICEF United Negro Fund Ford Foundation (suggestions welcome at our chatsite) Law of the Economy Join I-Traderschool, our sister magazine, for debates and news. |
The Bush Administration And God said unto the burning Bush: "Run for president, win, & rule over the wicked!" by Chuck Richardson "The elders of the nation will listen to you. Then you and the elders are to go to the kings of Terrorism and Evil and say to them, 'The Lord, the God of the Americans, has met with us. Let us take a three-day journey into the desert to offer sacrifices to The Lord our God.' But I know that the kings of Terrorism and Evil will not let you go unless a mighty hand compels them. So I will stretch out My hand and strike them with all the wonders that I will perform among them. After that, they will bow down to you." If this scrutiny of President George W. Bush’s management of America is alarming, it’s because there’s nothing strident or unwarranted about it. Rather, the analysis offered here is entirely levelheaded because the facts—duly linked and footnoted—raise their own questions, the most important being: will American democracy survive the President’s first term? Following in the footsteps of privileged Old Testament prophets like Moses, President Bush seems to trust that God has selected him to rid the world of evil and lead His chosen people to the Promised Land. To doubt himself would mean he doubts God. A stammering Moses, the President visibly struggles with his ambivalence over being personally humble yet paranormally important. Having faith in the fact that God’s anointed him for an immense mission he’s unrelenting, seeking re-election in order to lead America down a path toward his vision of greatness. But does President Bush’s agenda represent America’s core values, and does his dream of divine providence truly resonate with most of its people? The answer, of course, is obscure because his exact plans are largely kept secret and their aims are poorly articulated to the public. This article, hopefully, will help to remedy those difficulties. THE PRESIDENT’S SPIRITUAL-POLITICAL EVOLUTION "We've got pockets of persistent poverty in our society, which I refuse to declare defeat—I mean, I refuse to allow them to continue on. And so one of the things that we're trying to do is to encourage a faith-based initiative to spread its wings all across America, to be able to capture this great compassionate spirit." When Vice President George H.W. Bush lost the Iowa presidential primary to the Rev. Pat Robertson in 1988, his eldest son, George W., a recovering alcoholic and born-again Christian, joined his father’s campaign. The younger Bush told his father that evangelical Christians were the "real America" (1), and was deemed largely responsible for his father’s comeback to win the presidency, playing the important role of liaison between his father and the Christian right. George W. was able to make the evangelicals realize that his dad wasn’t just OK, but that he was there man. What the Bushes realized was simple: you could win with born-again Christians as your core constituency, and it would be prudent to court their vote. With his father’s victory, the Bush evangelical political machine felt it could do no wrong, and in 1992 its over-confidence backfired when the Republican National Convention turned into an ugly matter, with conservative Patrick Buchanan declaring that there was a "religious war going on in this country." That, of course, alienated moderate voters and was seen as a contributing factor to former President Bill Clinton’s victory. The defeat gave the Republicans an opportunity to re-tool their message, which they re-packaged as "compassionate conservatism." The seed for Bush’s religious approach to politics was planted in 1985, when George W. took a stroll along the beach at the family estate in Kennebunkport, Maine, with the Rev. Billy Graham. Bush said, during the 2000 campaign, that "Something was missing in my life, and Billy Graham stimulated my heart—I would like to say planted the mustard seed which grew, and started me on a journey, a walk, to recommit myself to Jesus Christ," after Graham asked him if he was "right with God." His newfound faith inspired Bush to believe he should apply his political-religious aspirations in Texas to redeem earlier personal failures (2), and was elected Governor on November 8, 1994, with 53.5 percent of the vote, probably believing it was God’s will. George W. then became the first Governor in Texas history to be voted to consecutive four-year terms when he won a landslide re-election in 1998 by a nearly two-to-one margin. And it was while listening to a sermon in church on the day of his second inaugural as Governor, riding a Texas-sized wave of conservative approval, that Bush claims to have heard God’s call to run for president, according to Richard Land, director of the conservative evangelical Southern Baptist Convention and friend and adviser to the President, during a Frontline interview. Upon assuming chief executive status under a cloud of controversy in January 2001, George W. Bush immediately began pushing his divisive faith-based initiative, which would allow religiously affiliated charitable organizations to receive federal money. A Republican Congress voted it down, but, acting not as if he’d been elected by a landslide and had a mandate from a broad base of the American public, but rather as if he’d been chosen by God, President Bush signed an executive order that encouraged departments of the federal government to push religious charities to apply for funds. To date, the White House has distributed $1.1 billion in federal money to such groups without Congressional oversight, and not one dime has been received by any non-Christian aid organization (3). On Christmas Eve 2001—about three-and-a-half months after 9/11—Robertson stepped down as Christian Coalition president, sending a signal to the faithful that President Bush was "the first Regent in a dynasty of regents awaiting the return of Jesus to earth," writes Katherine Yurica, in her essay "The Despoiling of America." According to the infamous philosopher Peter Singer, President Bush speaks of evil in about one-third of his speeches. However, only 7.5 percent of the time does the President use "evil" as "an adjective to describe what people do—that is, to judge acts or deeds…He is thinking about evil as a thing, or a force, something that has a real existence apart from the cruel, callous, brutal and selfish acts of which human beings are capable" (4). But what does evil mean in the modern, secular world? Those with fundamental religious values, including Christians, have a nagging distrust of democracy. If people are basically evil, they shouldn’t be free. President Bush is no exception to this belief, translating his "theocratic psyche" into an "uncompromising [ideology and] religious vision [that] can’t recognize the legitimacy of democracy without betraying itself," according to Steve Erickson in a recent LA Weekly article. Doubt, as any true democrat knows, is critical to democratic leadership, which must allow for it so that all positions can be questioned and their answers analyzed. The psyche of a theocrat, on the other hand, reviles doubt as a malignant tumor in the body of God, a jealous impertinence against those ruling by holy sanction. Simply put, Dominionists believe that democracy is evil. THE ARMAGEDDON PRESIDENT: BUSH’S PSYCHE, ETHICS AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY "I'm also not very analytical. You know I don't spend a lot of time thinking about myself, about why I do things." It was no mistake that George W. Bush became president in 2001, according to Dominionists like the reverends Graham, Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, "regent" of Liberty University. Indeed, President Bush’s nature and temperament, like theirs, seems ideally suited for the sinister art of apocalyptic, millennial folklore. Bush "relates on a deeply intuitive level" with radical Islam, writes Erickson, as he "embraces the same kind of absolutes, and the same promise of eternity…in which such absolutes are rooted" (5). Singer also deconstructs the president’s psyche, labeling its overall moral functioning as an "intuitive ethic" that has no special regard for logical consistency, yet is bound by an ideological rigidity, leaving the President stuck at a conventional stage of morality common to "teenage boys" (6, 7). President Bush’s speeches are generally peppered with allusions to The Bible while threatening the "axis of evil" and its minions with hellfire. But if that weren’t bad enough, his domestic policies belie a similar attitude regarding the moral turpitude of unwealthy Americans, who gullibly lap up such initiatives as "Clear Skies," a prescription drug program, dismantling Medicare, tax breaks for the rich, a pre-emptive war against Iraq that was based on false premises, and a $500 billion spending deficit—the largest in U.S. history, as if it were good for them. Does any of this make sense? Is President Bush a rational leader of rational people, or not? How do we digest the contradictions between his words and actions? Do they imply that he has a "first-rate intelligence" according to F. Scott Fitzgerald? (8) Or, considering how the President mangles his native tongue and has yet to make a transparent decision that has worked out well for America, perhaps in his mind it’s impossible for contradictions to exist, making complex situations difficult if not unfeasible to perceive, much less articulate. Or worse, his presidency could be a hoax, a colossal charade for something else. In fact, there does seem to be a political power-base that is benefiting from the President’s policies, at least for the time being, and it’s there one must look for answers. DOMINIONISM "The first duty of a revolutionary is to get away with it." Dominionism, according to Yurica, is a "subversive, seditious, secretive, and dangerous" plot to seize power in the United States in order to turn America into an instrument of God’s revenge as the Earth’s only superpower. Yurica reminds those of us old enough to remember how Dominionists took over the Republican Party, then Congress, the White House, and is now "sealing the conversion of America to a theocracy by taking over the American Judiciary." Shortly after Ronald Reagan became President in 1981, Robertson began using his television show, "The 700 Club," to rally his faithful viewers to accept his version of Christianity and become political soldiers for Christ. Soon, most televangelists and radio preachers were following Robertson’s lead, creating a new "political religion" that brainwashed adherents into believing that an external "enemy" was attacking Christianity and was in control of the federal government, the United Nations and American society. These "Christians" were told it was their duty to God to overthrow their nation’s "evil anti-Christian conspiratorial secular society" (9). Of course, such an enemy didn’t really exist 25 years ago. But it does today, thanks in large part to having had to defend itself against repeated attacks from so-called moral "Christians." Now, Dominionists have very real enemies who are about to start pushing back against them. The trouble is, this conflict only re-enforces the Dominionist worldview that it’s being persecuted, allowing it to fulfill its own prophecies. Yurica writes that the secret Dominionist agenda is to revolutionize all government social programs that assist poor people by handing them over to Christian organizations that are protected by the Constitution from government oversight. Their modus operandi is to disguise their domestic agenda under "false labels that confuse voters." According to Yurica, 35 million Americans had "declare[d] war on the remaining 245 million" by the 2000 election. Dominionists count Tim LaHaye, author of the best-selling Left Behind series, among their adherents. Even though Christ told those who would listen that his kingdom was "not of this world," purveyors of Dominionism, like LaHaye, dramatize the Gospels and Book of Revelations in such a way as to inspire believers to get politically active, and prepare the world for Jesus’ return. Part of this preparation, according to Yurica, is to "execute world domination so that Jesus could return to an earth prepared for his earthly rule by his faithful `regents.’" Also known as Christian Reconstructionism, the process is figuratively dramatized by LaHaye’s novels. Dominionists understand that prophecy is self-fulfilling and, that by creating a new myth, they will create a new human reality. The Dominionists have predicted that their seizure of power will be completed this year (10). DOMINIONIST ETHICS & MORAL PHILOSOPHY "The clergy, by getting themselves established by law and engrafted into the machine of government, have been a very formidable engine against the civil and religious rights of man." Dominionists believe, according to Yurica, that true Christians should "rule over the wicked," citing biblical conspiracy theorist Gary North, who, while appearing on the 700 Club, explained it this way: "The point of Deuteronomy 28 is this: the way to wealth, both individual and corporate, is through systematic adherence to God’s Bible-revealed law" (11). In other words, North explained why wealthy Christians have a right to rule—they obey God’s law. When one considers the religious-based social policies of these wealthy Christians, and what they actually mean—accept Jesus or starve, the Dominionist must rationalize how s/he can be "good" while committing such cruelty by arrogantly humiliating those they’re helping by forcing them to convert or go unfed and/or untreated? (12). One might think this an impossible task, but the answer goes back to Calvinist theology and its idea of "supralapsarianism," a.k.a., "Once saved—always saved." The belief is that the souls of people existed before God created the world, and were either chosen or not chosen to be among His favorites, who can do no wrong. Since before the beginning of time, our souls have either been written into the Book of the Saved or the Book of the Damned. According to Yurica, "observers noted a definite religious swing in George W. Bush from Wesleyan theology to Calvinism early in his administration[13]," which greatly pleased Robertson and Graham who televangelized furiously and often that "God’s people" were morally obligated to transform all levels of American government (compare to Abraham Lincoln’s Calvinism). Thus, by shrouding vice in religious conviction, a way for Dominionists to proceed with their secret agenda became clear. A new political faith—"a Machiavellian religion"—was born, enabling adherents to defend their agenda by playing the religious persecution card whenever people, acting with enlightened self-interest, opposed them (14). This is precisely Norman Finkelstein’s argument against the Zionists, who peddle the line that if you’re against Israel, you’re anti-Semitic. Meanwhile, Israel, which is run by right-wing fanatics, commits atrocities. Is it really any surprise that Likud is emulating its American cousin? Or are Likud and Dominionism so closely knitted they’re impossible to separate? What happens when your "enemy" is irrational? Are we heading for civil war if the Bush regime remains in power? The Dominionists believe they will have won the war without a shot being fired, as stated earlier, by this year. They feel their right to overthrow the government derives, of all places, from The Declaration of Independence: "That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."Again, Dominionists believe that God bestows wealth and power upon His chosen, and that "poverty and sickness reflect God’s disapproval." Therefore, it is incumbent upon the rich and powerful to dominate the world and make it adhere to Christ’s teachings. This concept derives from Matthew 28: 18-20, and is referred to as "the Great Commission." True Christians, therefore, must topple the secular world’s political hierarchy to prepare the way for Christ’s return (15). NEOCONSERVATIVISM & MACCHIAVELLIANISM "Confronted by the appalling alternative that man, or human thought, must be collectivized either by one stroke and without mercy or else by slow and gentle processes, we are forced to wonder how we could escape from this dilemma. We reconsider therefore the elementary and unobtrusive conditions of human freedom." The philosopher Leo Strauss’ name is often bandied about, along with Irving Kristol’s, as one of the progenitors of neoconservatism. His status hinges mostly upon his belief that philosophers must speak only to a chosen few who are equipped to handle the secret knowledge that, if widely known, would result in their persecution and loss of power. It was necessary that the people be kept in the dark, like the denizens of Plato’s cave, for the Republic to exist. This, perhaps, explains the Bush administration’s obsession with confidentiality. The role of neoconservatives in President Bush’s administration is well-documented, and is unnecessary to analyze here. What most people don’t know, however, is the ethical code by which neoconservatives operate. According to Yurica, Strauss believed that: § Leaders must know there’s no morality other than might is right. § Religion unites the people, and any religion will do because they all allow for leaders to manipulate the masses. § "Secular society…is the worst possible thing," since it nurtures moral relativism, individuality and liberalism, all of which foster dissent. Religion allows leaders to control people like trained pets…or machines of consumption. § Only an external threat can provide a stable political-economic order. Therefore, in agreement with Machiavelli, if no external threat exists, one must be created. § Deceit is necessary for leaders to achieve their means and maintain their status, which is something liberal democracies theoretically attempt to root out in their efforts to organize societies along rational, secular principles. Therefore, the people must see liberal democracy as anathema to their interests. Do these ideals ring familiar to you? Do they somehow explain the Bush administration’s policies, both foreign and domestic? THE EVIL BLOB: The PROVIDENTIAL NEOCONSERVATIVE JUDEO CHRISTIAN MACCHIAVELLIAN GLOBAL CORPORATE LIBERTARIAN DOMINIONISTS [non sic] "And Christ reached out almost exclusively to the poor, suffering, abandoned, deprived -- the scorned, the condemned people -- including Samaritans and those who were diseased. The alleviation of suffering was a philosophy that was enhanced and emphasized by the life of Christ. Today the ultra-right wing, in both religion and politics, has abandoned that principle of Jesus Christ’s ministry… Do we endorse and support peace and support the alleviation of suffering among the poor and the outcast?" Back in 1986, Robertson needed to find a way to rationalize to the American public how it was its patriotic duty, sanctioned by the founding fathers, to overthrow the liberal status quo that stood for a solid social contract, created largely by President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. Programs like Social Security, and their liberal spawn Medicare and Medicaid, unemployment and disability insurance, the right for workers to unionize, the 40-hour work week, and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and Education Department and more were, in fact, un-American. The only problem was how to prove it. In Harry Jaffa, Robertson found the scholar he needed to provide his ambitions the intellectual cover they needed (16). According to Jaffa, who counts Supreme Court justices Clarence Thomas and Antonin Scalia among his students, the Constitution should be interpreted from a "Christian" perspective because the founding fathers intended it that way, being good Christians themselves. Jaffa’s view of the founding fathers’ intent, however, excludes any vision of a social contract based on worldly principles (17), like those of Jefferson and Thomas Paine. This interpretation of the Constitution ties the hands of judges, who must consider the founding fathers’ original intent rather than the situation and circumstances of today when deciding the cases before them. In other words, the Constitution is a dead document. Jaffa also provided intellectual cover for the Dominionists’ concept of government, which might be outlined this way: § To maintain just monetary policies that recognize the principle that forcibly taking from one person and giving to another is unjust, that charity must be voluntary and the redistribution of wealth is wrong. Therefore, undue abusive taxation of the rich is forbidden. § To provide a moral basis for elected government officials, who are sanctioned, if they are chosen, to lie and cheat to maintain power in God’s name. § To abolish the U.S. prison system and re-establish the practice of "just restitution," in which criminals are enslaved to victims until their debt is paid off. It’s OK, because there’s a biblical basis for this practice. § To execute all murderers, homosexuals, dissidents, pedophiles, etc., in the name of God. § To outlaw only that pollution which reduces the value of property (which, of course, can be manipulated by the chosen via deceit). § To punish those who would bear false witness against corporations. § To outlaw abortion and make it a capital offense. On the first anniversary of 9/11, President Bush borrowed from the Gospel of John when he said America was mankind’s greatest hope, and that "a lightness shines in the darkness and the darkness has not overcome it" (18). President Bush, supposedly a devout Christian, replaced Christ with the United States as the best hope for humankind. Even more interesting is the President’s repeated confusion between his person and the nation’s identity, often melding the two like a European monarch (19). So, is it too far a stretch then, to say that, by extension, President Bush sees himself as America, and that if America’s role is savior of the world, he himself is playing messiah? Of course, that game always ends badly for the hero. Do we as a nation really want to go there? DISSIDENCE & CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE: WHO’S AFRAID OF JOHN BROWN? "Washing one's hands of the conflict between the powerful and the powerless means to side with the powerful, not to be neutral." - Paulo Freire So, will American democracy survive the President’s first term? Does President Bush’s agenda represent America’s core values, and does his dream of divine providence truly resonate with most of its people? Former President Jimmy Carter, in an interview last month with Ayelish McGarvey for The American Prospect, said: "…we worship the prince of peace, not war. And those of us who have advocated for the resolution of international conflict in a peaceful fashion are looked upon as being unpatriotic, branded that way by right-wing religious groups, the Bush administration, and other Republicans. "…Christ was committed to compassion for the most destitute, poor, needy, and forgotten people in our society. Today there is a stark difference [between conservative ideology and Christian teaching] because most of the people most strongly committed to the Republican philosophy have adopted the proposition that help for the rich is the best way to help even poor people (by letting some of the financial benefits drip down to those most deeply in need). I would say there has been a schism drawn—on theology and practical politics and economics between the two groups." So where is this schism leading us? Hopefully, most Americans don’t buy into Dominionist philosophy and they’ll put it in its place, as they should in a democracy. Only time will tell if they do. In the meantime, there are probably a thousand John Browns out there waiting for the means and opportunity to make their statement. One thing is certain, those who foresaw the "end of history" with the collapse of the Soviet Union and end to the cold war were wrong. The human saga continues, though it may be reaching the end of its chapter. Unless Americans can find a way to cure the pathology corrupting their churches and public institutions (which are dominated by the two major, corporate-backed political parties), our nation’s policies will continue to embrace the evils of war and poverty. This year’s election is the most important this nation has faced since 1860, and may prove to be the catalyst of the greatest battle in the republic’s history. If the forces of liberal democracy lose "the election" to the Dominionists, it will mean an end to our traditional way of life, an end to individual freedom. The continuance of the PATRIOT Act will seal our fate. The "electoral" defeat will also mean a two-fisted revolution via civil disobedience and guerilla warfare, each supported by patriots according to their own temperaments, ethics and ability. Chaos will rein for a while, and then a new political-economic order will emerge. In fact, the boulder is already rolling down hill with apparently little in its way to stop it. Unfortunately, this is nothing new for our species. I guess that will be it then, the final deflation of American exceptionalism, when its citizens realize they can’t live up to the myths they’ve been identifying with, and refuse to pursue the old dream of freedom. NOTES 1. Frontline. 2. Ibid 1. 3. Ibid 2. 4. The President of Good & Evil, by Peter Singer, Dutton Books. See bibliography. 5. Ellipses omits "And yearning for self-obliteration," something I think President Bush is too cowardly to want, he enjoys his life too much. 6. Ibid 4. 7. A Summary of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development, see Bibliography. Also: Kohlberg believed...and was able to demonstrate through studies...that people progressed in their moral reasoning through a series of stages. The second level of moral thinking is that generally found in society, hence the name "conventional." Kohlberg believed that individuals could only come to a comprehension of a moral rationale one stage above their own. Kohlberg's moral discussion approach is based on the insight that individuals develop as a result of cognitive conflicts at their current stage. 8. http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/F._Scott_Fitzgerald/ 9. "The Despoiling of America," by Katherine Yurica. See Bibliography. 10. Ibid 9. 11. Ibid 10. 12. Google Search on Franklin Graham Ministries and Iraq. 13. Ibid 11. 14. Ibid 13. 15. Ibid 14. 16. Ibid 15. 17. Ibid 16. 18. Transcript of President George W. Bush’s Ellis Island speech, 9/11/02. 19. Quotes: "We had a good Cabinet meeting, talked about a lot of issues. Secretary of State and Defense brought us up to date about our desires to spread freedom and peace around the world."—Washington, D.C., Aug. 1, 2003; "We ended the rule of one of history's worst tyrants, and in so doing, we not only freed the American people, we made our own people more secure."—Crawford, Texas, May 3, 2003; "Now, we talked to Joan Hanover. She and her husband, George, were visiting with us. They are near retirement—retiring—in the process of retiring, meaning they're very smart, active, capable people who are retirement age and are retiring."—Alexandria, Va., Feb. 12, 2003; "I know something about being a government. And you've got a good one."—Stumping for Gov. Mike Huckabee, Bentonville, Ark., Nov. 4, 2002; "See, we love—we love freedom. That's what they didn't understand. They hate things; we love things. They act out of hatred; we don't seek revenge, we seek justice out of love."—Oklahoma City, Aug. 29, 2002; "Whether you're here by birth, or whether you're in America by choice, you contribute to the vitality of our life. And for that, we are grateful."—Washington, D.C., May 17, 2002; "Well, it's an unimaginable honor to be the president during the Fourth of July of this country. It means what these words say, for starters. The great inalienable rights of our country. We're blessed with such values in America. And I—it's—I'm a proud man to be the nation based upon such wonderful values."—Visiting the Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C., July 2, 2001; "I mean, these good folks are revolutionizing how businesses conduct their business. And, like them, I am very optimistic about our position in the world and about its influence on the United States. We're concerned about the short-term economic news, but long-term I'm optimistic. And so, I hope investors, you know—secondly, I hope investors hold investments for periods of time—that I've always found the best investments are those that you salt away based on economics."—Austin, Texas, Jan. 4, 2001). BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. The Despoiling of America: How George W. Bush became the head of the new American Dominionist Church/State, By Katherine Yurica, With Editorial and Research Assistant Laurie Hall, The Yurica Report, February 11, 2004. 2. George Bush and the Treacherous Country, by Steve Erickson, LA Weekly, Feb. 13-19, 2004. 3. Frontline: The Jesus Factor, 4/29/04. 4. George W. Bush: a muddy morality, BY Mark Kingwell, Toronto Globe & Mail Book Review, May 1, 2004. Review of Peter Singer’s The President of Good and Evil: The Morality of George W. Bush, Dutton. 5. THE PRESIDENT OF GOOD AND EVIL, (FIRST CHAPTER), by Peter Singer, Dutton Books. 6. A SUMMARY OF LAWRENCE KOHLBERG'S STAGES OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT, by Robert N. Barger, Ph.D., Notre Dame, 2000. 7. The Quotations Page http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/F._Scott_Fitzgerald/ 8. Francis Fukuyama & the end of history, by Roger Kimball, The New Criterion. 9. Secession Era Editorials Project: John Brown’s Raid on Harper Ferry. 10. Paulo Freire, Infed Encyclopedia. 11. Gospel of John, Chapter 1. 12. Bushisms from Slate. 13. President Bush's remarks on September 11, 2002, CNN transcript. 14. On Interpreting the Constitution, speech by Justice Antonin Scalia at the Manhattan Institute, 1997. 15. Thomas Paine, Ushistory.org. 16. Antonin Scalia: Self-made Martyr, by Tim Grieve, Salon.com, 2004. 17. Clarence Thomas, Infoplease Encyclopedia. 18. Harry V. Jaffa, Claremont Institute. 19. Franklin Delano Roosevelt and the New Deal, Geocities. 20. Rousseau and the Social Contract, constitution.org. 21. Neoconservatives: If Americans Knew, various articles. 22. Plato. 23. None Dare Call It Treason, by Vincent Bugliosi, The Nation, Jan. 18, 2001. written on May 10, 2004 © Copyright NiagaraBuzz.com, reprinted with editor's permission. About the Author(s): Chuck Richardson is editor of niagarabuzz.com. An experienced poet, journalist, newspaper columnist, produced playwright and award-winning literary critic, he is putting the finishing touches on his first book, Memos from Apartment 5, available soon from PageFree Press. He can be reached at Richardson@niagarabuzz.com. See under Our Contributors to find out about the Author(s) of this article. |
Yahoo! World News Headlines Our Winners Club Our Contributors Research Links Legal Advice ALL Awards & Internships Become an Activist Join an Organization Get Volunteerism Alert Write Letters to a local Politician Start your own Group Applied Politics Projects Suggest a Project Start your Yahoo Groups Get Internship Credit Funding for Projects Encourage Discussion Join Juryfury Chat Promote Juryfury.com Join online discussion Groups Be In the Spotlight Let us Interview you : Authors of political books Activists Journalists Lawyers Law Enforcement Politicians Politican Scientists Be A Columnist Get Internship Credit Write twice a Month Get Heard Start a Yahoo Group Advertise with Us Books (Free) Political Our Staff & Contributors Our Magazines Quietpoly.com I-Traderschool Juryfury.com The Company Our Address: QuietPoly Inc. 240 W. Saunders. Dr. (#146) Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Tel (928) 214-7365 quietpoly@yahoo.com |
|